Supporting Construction Site H&S Inspections with Computer Vision: A BPMN Process Formalisation

Abstract: Routine construction site Health and Safety (H&S) inspections remain manual, experience-driven, and weakly digitised. While Computer Vision (CV) has advanced construction safety, particularly for real-time monitoring, it has rarely been investigated to support everyday inspection practices. This paper addresses this gap by analysing a routine inspection process and formalising current practice using Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) 2.0 to make roles, decisions, and information exchanges explicit and expose key limitations. The study then proposes a CV-enabled inspection process that structures the collection and interpretation of visual evidence and suggests compliance-related observations to the H&S Manager, while preserving their assessment responsibility.