Digital Twin for Safety on Construction Sites: A Real-time Risk Monitoring System Combining Wearable Sensors and 4D BIM

Abstract: This paper presents the outcomes of an innovative safety project integrating Health and Safety standards, Building Information Modelling (BIM), and wearable sensors to address the limitations of previous digitalized safety measures for the construction workforce. The proposed integrated system employs 4D BIM models to virtually identify and collect the data of hazard zones which then get synchronized with a tracking-based sensing system that monitors the access and interactions of those zones during construction. The integrated system was validated in a construction site and showcased a shift to proactive safety measures, improving hazard identification and control.