A conceptual framework for blockchain and AI-driven digital twins for predictive operation and maintenance

Abstract: Digital Twins (DTs), enriched with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain technology, promise a revolutionary breakthrough in smart asset management and predictive maintenance in the built environment. This study aims to portray a conceptual framework of Blockchain and AI-based DTs and outline its key characteristics, requirements, and system architecture by composing a functional model using IDEF0. Such an approach is expected to enhance predictive maintenance in building facilities, simplify the management and operation of smart built environments, and ultimately deliver valuable outcomes for facility operators, real estate practitioners, and end-users.