Emerging Business-Model Archetypes of a Smart Mobile Factory for Construction 4.0

Abstract: Smart Mobile Factories (SMFs) bring prefabrication to the construction site, enabling just‑in‑time delivery, shorter haulage distances and lower carbon emissions. Although integrated digital twins and modular factory designs have demonstrated the technical feasibility of SMFs in construction, their value‑creation mechanisms for operators and clients remain unclear. Adapting the Business‑Model Canvas to SMFs, we identify four emerging archetypes. Two case vignettes illustrate the transition from a low‑tech, asset‑centric to a high‑tech, data‑centric service model. Finally, we propose a mapping that relates organizational digital maturity to suitable SMF business-model archetypes, which allows to indicate a possible path toward profitable and sustainable adoption.