Data Quality Control for OpenBIM-Based Digital Twins in Retrofit: A Case Study on IFC Validation and Information Requirements

Abstract: Building Information Modelling provides the geometric and semantic foundation for Digital Twins (DT), but its effectiveness depends on the availability of use-case-specific information. In OpenBIM workflows, Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) models often contain missing or incomplete information, limiting reliable integration with DT platforms. This paper presents an envelope retrofit-oriented data quality control using Information Delivery Specifications (IDS). Minimum requirements were formalized into IDS and validated against an IFC model. Results show that while geometry was generally complete, critical semantics, particularly material and thermal properties, were frequently missing. IDS-based validation enables early detection of data gaps and improves IFC data readiness.