Scenario-Based Material-Flow and Circularity Assessment of Deep Renovation Projects

Abstract: Waste generation in deep renovation is driven by onsite activities and their temporal sequencing and scheduling, yet most existing circularity assessment approaches remain scenario and execution agnostic. This paper proposes a schedule-aware BIM-based approach that integrates activity-zone modelling with precedence-constrained scheduling to enable time-based estimation of material flows and waste generation. Implemented through the Circular Intelligent-based Waste Engine (CIWE), the approach supports activity-level waste estimation and onsite circularity assessment. A multi-residential renovation case in Lille, France is used to compare three renovation scenarios. Results show that renovation sequencing significantly influences waste intensity, recovery potential and circularity outcomes.